Here are some best practices to write log messages in Java:

1. Use meaningful log messages: Log messages should be clear and concise, describing what happened and why it happened. Avoid using cryptic or ambiguous messages that can be difficult to understand.
2. Use log levels appropriately: Log levels provide a way to categorize log messages by their severity. Use the appropriate log level for each message, based on its importance and the impact it has on the system.
3. Include relevant context: Include context information in your log messages, such as the user ID, timestamp, and relevant request or response data. This can help in troubleshooting issues and understanding the flow of the application.
4. Use a consistent log format: Use a consistent log format across all log messages, making it easier to parse and analyze the logs. Consider using a structured logging format such as JSON or XML.
5. Avoid logging sensitive information: Avoid logging sensitive information such as passwords, credit card numbers, or personal information. If you must log this information, make sure it is properly encrypted or masked.
6. Log exceptions properly: Log exceptions with their full stack trace and include any relevant error messages or data. This can help in debugging issues and identifying the root cause of errors.
7. Use a logging framework: Use a logging framework such as Log4j or SLF4J to simplify logging and provide advanced features such as log rotation, filtering, and formatting.
8. Use logging sparingly: Do not log excessively, as this can impact system performance and consume a lot of disk space. Only log messages that are important and relevant to troubleshooting and debugging issues.
9. Test your logging: Test your logging to ensure that log messages are being generated correctly and that they contain the expected information. This can help in identifying issues with logging configuration or implementation.
10. Use parameterized logging: When logging messages that include variables, use parameterized logging to improve readability and avoid potential security vulnerabilities such as SQL injection. Parameterized logging frameworks such as SLF4J provide methods to log messages with placeholders and corresponding arguments.
11. Log early and often: Log messages as early as possible in the application flow, especially for critical functionality such as authentication, authorization, and error handling. Logging early and often can help in identifying issues before they become more serious.
12. Use thread identifiers: When logging messages from multithreaded applications, include thread identifiers in the log messages to help in tracking down issues and understanding the application flow.
13. Use log correlation: When logging messages across multiple services or components, use log correlation techniques to link related log messages together. This can help in troubleshooting issues across multiple systems.
14. Use logging as documentation: Use logging to document the behavior and flow of the application. Well-documented log messages can serve as a valuable source of information for future maintenance and debugging.
15. Configure logging appropriately: Configure logging appropriately for the environment and use case. For example, in production environments, consider using asynchronous logging to avoid performance issues, and use log rotation to manage disk space.
16. Use log analysis tools: Use log analysis tools such as ELK stack, Splunk, or Graylog to analyze and visualize logs. These tools can help in identifying patterns, trends, and anomalies in the log data, and provide insights into the application behavior.
17. Avoid logging noise: Avoid logging messages that are irrelevant or do not provide useful information. For example, avoid logging trivial or routine operations such as database connection acquisitions or releases.